En réduisant de plus de 80 % la participation des Etats-Unis à un programme de protection de l’ONU, le président américain prépare un drame humanitaire. L’Europe et la France doivent réagir.

Imaginons : le 1er mai prochain, en France, tous les hôpitaux, les écoles, les centres d’aide sociale ferment brutalement, jusqu’au 31 décembre. Il n’y a plus de fonds pour les faire fonctionner. Impensable ! En France, oui. Mais ce désastre est sur le point de se réaliser pour les 5 millions de Palestiniens qui vivent en Jordanie, au Liban, en Syrie, à Gaza, en Cisjordanie occupée, privés de leur pays depuis 1948 et qui sont les bénéficiaires de la protection de l’organisme d’aide humanitaire, UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency pour les Palestiniens réfugiés au Proche-Orient).

Depuis soixante-dix ans, les Etats organisés dans le cadre de l’ONU ont renouvelé à l’UNRWA le mandat de protection des Palestiniens réfugiés et lui ont donné les moyens de fonctionner par leurs contributions volontaires. Des millions d’enfants ont été scolarisés, les soins et la distribution de nourriture aux plus démunis ont été ainsi assurés. En fait, l’UNRWA remplit des fonctions fondamentales d’un Etat au profit des Palestiniens réfugiés : l’éducation, la santé, l’aide sociale.

Or, cette agence de l’ONU vient d’être privée de ses moyens de fonctionner par une décision cynique et brutale de Donald Trump qui prend l’UNRWA et ses cinq millions d’administrés en otages : il supprime d’un trait de plume 300 millions de dollars de contribution des Etats-Unis à l’UNRWA sur les 364 prévus, pour contraindre Mahmoud Abbas à accepter un plan de paix israélo-palestinien, dont la teneur reste floue et incertaine, en dehors de la reconnaissance par les Etats-Unis de Jérusalem comme capitale d’Israël, au mépris du droit international.

Ni les Palestiniens réfugiés ni l’UNRWA n’ont la moindre capacité d’influence sur ce coup de force diplomatique. Nous, Français et Européens, devons nous élever avec force contre un tel mépris des règles de droit et de la morale et répondre à l’appel du commissaire général de l’UNRWA, Pierre Krähenbühl, pour la campagne «la Dignité n’a pas de prix». Dans cette même lancée pour répondre à la crise actuelle, une conférence s’est tenue jeudi 15 mars à Rome, à l’appel de la Jordanie, de l’Egypte et de la Suède, réunissant plus de 90 pays donateurs. Jean-Yves Le Drian y a annoncé une augmentation de 2 millionsd’euros de la participation française, qui passe ainsi à 10 millions d’euros. C’est insuffisant, quand la Suède en donne 60 millions et que la totalité des pays de l’Union européenne contribuent pour moitié aux dépenses de l’agence onusienne. Néanmoins, l’UNRWA a annoncé, à l’issue de la conférence, que le montant total des contributions additionnelles annoncées représente environ 100 millions de dollars, un premier pas vers la réduction du déficit causé par le retrait américain. Mais il manque encore 200 millions de dollars pour compenser le défaut américain, et 146 millions de dollars de plus qui correspondent au déficit prévu du budget 2018 de l’UNRWA. Nous sommes encore loin du compte. Or, actuellement, dans un Moyen-Orient en crise, l’UNRWA est la colonne vertébrale de 5 millions de Palestiniens privés d’Etat. Elle assure le pain quotidien à la majorité des réfugiés de Gaza, soumis depuis dix ans au blocus israélien et égyptien. Elle scolarise 525 000 élèves dont 270 000 à Gaza. Elle le fait au risque de la vie de ses agents, comme en Syrie. Elle sauve les Palestiniens réfugiés du désespoir absolu.

Et c’est bien le désespoir qui menace. La moitié des Palestiniens réfugiés ont moins de 20 ans. Depuis 1993, on leur a vanté les vertus de la négociation dans le cadre du processus d’Oslo. Cela a été un échec et, pour eux, l’aggravation constante de leurs conditions de vie, la disparition de tout horizon personnel et politique. Aujourd’hui, le désespoir pourrait engendrer l’extrémisme : en affaiblissant l’UNRWA, c’est bien l’extrémisme que Trump renforce pour le plus grand malheur des Palestiniens, des peuples du Moyen-Orient et de l’Europe. Alors soutenons vigoureusement la campagne la Dignité n’a pas de prix, lancée par le commissaire général de l’UNRWA. Pour les Palestiniens, la dignité n’a pas de prix. Mobilisons-nous, il y va de notre propre dignité.

Bureau de l’Iremmo (Institut de recherches et d’études Méditerranée Moyen-Orient) ; René Backmann, journaliste ; Estelle Brack, économiste ; Dominique Vidal, journaliste et historien ; Giovanna Tanzarella, vice-présidente du Réseau Euromed France ; Géraud de la Pradelle, professeur émérite des universités et juriste international ; Agnès Levallois, consultante ; Monique Cerisier-Ben Guiga, sénatrice honoraire ; Jean-Paul Chagnollaud, président de l’Institut de recherches et d’études Méditerranée Moyen-Orient et les membres du bureau de l’iReMMO.

Dans Libération,
Mars 2018

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