Qui, le 2 mars au soir, aurait imaginé un tel scénario ? Pour la troisième fois, Benyamin Netanyahou et ses alliés n’avaient pas trouvé dans les urnes la majorité qu’ils espéraient. Benny Gantz, à la tête du parti Blanc Bleu, allait constituer un gouvernement minoritaire avec la gauche sioniste, le parti russe d’Avigdor Liberman et le soutien extérieur de la Liste unie. Bref, c’en était fini de onze ans de pouvoir de l’inusable Premier ministre, héritier du mouvement sioniste révisionniste fondé par Vladimir Zeev Jabotinsky.

C’était compter sans deux alliés imprévisibles de « Bibi » : le Covid-19 et le général félon. Le premier permet au second de trahir soudainement son parti et ses électeurs, pour constituer avec son rival d’hier, le 20 avril, un gouvernement d’« urgence nationale » pour une période (prolongeable) de trois ans. Le plat de lentilles de ce nouvel Esaü semble pourtant peu copieux : Gantz sera vice-Premier ministre et ministre de la Défense de Netanyahou, lequel lui a promis de lui céder la place dans dix-huit mois – d’ici là, les poules, même casher, auront des dents… Sauf si le Premier ministre démissionnait et cédait alors – automatiquement – la place à son ex-challenger.

La nouvelle coalition comportera deux « blocs », l’un de ministres de droite et ultra- orthodoxes, l’autre de fidèles du général, y compris deux travaillistes qui se sont ainsi déshonorés après avoir occis leur parti. Chacun des deux « chefs de bloc » sera seul maître du sien. Reste néanmoins à faire voter par la Knesset les nouvelles lois fondamentales autorisant cet étrange accord.

Pour obtenir ce gouvernement paritaire et de cette promesse de rotation, l’ex-chef Blanc Bleu a bu le calice jusqu’à la lie : il a accepté, contre l’avis de la majorité des nouveaux députés, que le chef du Likoud reste en place même s’il est condamné au terme du procès – pour corruption, abus de confiance et malversations – qui doit s’ouvrir le 24 mai et pourrait, appel compris, durer deux ans. À moins que la Cour suprême ne s’oppose au maintien en fonction du condamné, déclenchant ainsi une quatrième élection.

Cerise sur le gâteau : « Bibi » disposera d’un droit de veto sur la nomination de l’avocat général et du procureur de l’État – pour lui éviter un nouveau procès ? Seul le Likoud représentera la coalition dans le comité chargé de nommer les juges. Le représentant de l’opposition, lui, a servi de chef de cabinet… de Netanyahou. Et que dire des présidences de commission à la Knesset : presque toutes reviendront aux amis du Premier ministre…

Certes, l’accord de coalition prévoit que, dans les six prochains mois, les lois votées ne concerneront que la lutte contre le Covid-19. À une seule exception près : l’annexion de la Vallée du Jourdain et des colonies juives de Cisjordanie, sur laquelle la Knesset pourra se prononcer à partir du 1 er juillet. Oubliée, la consultation avec les Palestiniens que Gantz avant défendue ! Netanyahou dévorera d’autant plus aisément la moitié de la Cisjordanie qu’il a, au passage, marginalisé les nationalistes religieux de Yamina : ceux-ci applaudissaient les cadeaux territoriaux du plan Trump, mais rejetaient son État palestinien croupion. Cette avancée vers un État unique d’apartheid explique une autre volte-face de Gantz : il renonce à réviser la loi fondamentale du 19 juillet 2018, intitulée « État nation du peuple juif », comme il l’avait pourtant laissé entendre à la Liste unie.

Dernière dimension de l’accord Gantz-Netanyahou qui fait tousser nombre d’Israéliens : les privilèges que les deux rivaux-complices s’accordent. Tous deux auront droit, pour toute la législature, à une résidence privée chacun, aux frais de l’État, même lorsqu’ils ne dirigeront pas le gouvernement. Et celui-ci, avec 32 puis 36 ministres et 16 adjoints, sera le plus coûteux de l’histoire d’Israël 1 . Voilà qui choque dans un pays qui détient le record de l’OCDE en matière de pauvreté et d’inégalités, et dont, de surcroît, plus du quart de la population active se retrouve au chômage du fait de l’épidémie. La crainte des conséquences politiques de cette catastrophe sociale explique sans doute pourquoi le Premier ministre a finalement pactisé avec le général, malgré des sondages favorables 2 .

Israël est-il encore une démocratie, ne serait-ce que pour ses citoyens juifs ? La question se pose vraiment : Netanyahou a provoqué trois élections anticipées, dont aucune ne lui a donné de majorité, et pourtant le voilà à nouveau à la tête du pays !
Bref, c’est contre la volonté des Israéliens qu’il rempile, après onze ans à la tête du pays. Seul son ami Vladimir Poutine a fait mieux.

Mordant, Anshel Pfeffer, un des journalistes du quotidien Haaretz, a résumé le nouveau duo au pouvoir en Israël d’une formule : Benny Gantz, écrit-il, n’est pas « l’allié » de Benyamin Netanyahou, mais son « garde du corps 3  ».

 

1 Le coût de ses frais généraux sur trois ans est évalué à 1 milliard de shekels (260
millions d’euros) par le site Time of Israël le22 avril 2020.
2 Ils pronostiquaient un résultat record de 40 sièges au Likoud et 24 à ses alliés.
3 Haaretz, Tel-Aviv, 21 avril 2020.

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